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2 Kings Chapter 23

Josiah Renews the Covenant and Passover; Jehoahaz and Jehoiakim Follow Josiah causes the book to be read in a solemn assembly.

23 1 2 Chr 34:29-30 A1And the king sent, and they gathered unto him all the elders of Judah and of Jerusalem.

2 2 Kin 22:8 2And the king went up into the house of the Lord, and all the men of Judah and all the inhabitants of Jerusalem with him, and the priests, and the prophets, and all the people, both small and great: and he read in their ears all the words of the book of the covenant which was found in the house of the Lord. He renews the covenant of the Lord.

3 2 Kin 11:14; Jer 4:2 3And the king stood by a pillar, and made a covenant before the Lord, to walk after the Lord, and to keep his commandments and his testimonies and his statutes with all their heart and all their soul, to perform the words of this covenant that were written in this book. And all the people stood to the covenant. He destroys idolatry.

4 2 Kin 21:3; 2 Kin 21:7 4¶And the king commanded Hilkiah the high priest, and the priests of the second order, and the keepers of the door, to bring forth out of the temple of the Lord all the vessels that were made for Baal, and for the grove, and for all the host of heaven: and he burned them without Jerusalem in the fields of Kidron, and carried the ashes of them unto Bethel.

5 2 Kin 21:3 5And he put down the idolatrous priests, whom the kings of Judah had ordained to burn incense in the high places in the cities of Judah, and in the places round about Jerusalem; them also that burned incense unto Baal, to the sun, and to the moon, and to the planets, and to all the host of heaven.

6 2 Chr 34:4 6And he brought out the grove from the house of the Lord, without Jerusalem, unto the brook Kidron, and burned it at the brook Kidron, and stamped it small to powder, and cast the powder thereof upon the graves of the children of the people.

7 Eze 16:16; 1 Kin 14:24 7And he brake down the houses of the sodomites, that were by the house of the Lord, where the women wove hangings for the grove.

8 1 Kin 15:22 8And he brought all the priests out of the cities of Judah, and defiled the high places where the priests had burned incense, from Geba to Beersheba, and brake down the high places of the gates that were in the entering in of the gate of Joshua the governor of the city, which were on a man’s left hand at the gate of the city.

9 Eze 44:10; Mal 2:8; 1 Sam 2:36 9Nevertheless the priests of the high places came not up to the altar of the Lord in Jerusalem, but they did eat of the unleavened bread among their brethren.

10 Isa 30:33; Jos 15:8; Lev 18:21 10And he defiled Topheth, which is in the valley of the children of Hinnom, that no man might make his son or his daughter to pass through the fire to Molech.

11 Job 31:26; 2 Chr 14:5; Deu 4:19 11And he took away the horses that the kings of Judah had given to the sun, at the entering in of the house of the Lord, by the chamber of Nathanmelech the chamberlain, which was in the suburbs, and burned the chariots of the sun with fire.

12 Jer 19:13; 2 Kin 21:5; 2 Chr 33:3; 2 Chr 33:15 12And the altars that were on the top of the upper chamber of Ahaz, which the kings of Judah had made, and the altars which Manasseh had made in the two courts of the house of the Lord, did the king beat down, and brake them down from thence, and cast the dust of them into the brook Kidron.

13 Neh 13:26 13And the high places that were before Jerusalem, which were on the right hand of the mount of corruption, which Solomon the king of Israel had builded for Ashtoreth the abomination of the Zidonians, and for Chemosh the abomination of the Moabites, and for Milcom the abomination of the children of Ammon, did the king defile.

14 Deu 7:25; Deu 7:5; Num 33:52 14And he brake in pieces the images, and cut down the groves, and filled their places with the bones of men. He burns dead men's bones upon the altar of Bethel, as was prophesied.

15 1 Kin 12:28; 1 Kin 12:33; 2 Kin 10:31 15Moreover the altar that was at Bethel, and the high place which Jeroboam the son of Nebat, who made Israel to sin, had made, both that altar and the high place he brake down, and burned the high place, and stamped it small to powder, and burned the grove.

16 1 Kin 13:2 16And as Josiah turned himself, he spied the sepulchres that were there in the mount, and sent, and took the bones out of the sepulchres, and burned them upon the altar, and polluted it, according to the word of the Lord which the man of God proclaimed, who proclaimed these words.

17Then he said, What title is that that I see? And the men of the city told him, It is the sepulchre of the man of God, which came from Judah, and proclaimed these things that thou hast done against the altar of Bethel.

18And he said, Let him alone; let no man move his bones. So they let his bones alone, with the bones of the prophet that came out of Samaria.

19 2 Chr 34:6 19And all the houses also of the high places that were in the cities of Samaria, which the kings of Israel had made to provoke the Lord to anger, Josiah took away, and did to them according to all the acts that he had done in Bethel.

20 2 Chr 34:5 20And he slew all the priests of the high places that were there upon the altars, and burned men’s bones upon them, and returned to Jerusalem. He keeps a most solemn Passover.

21 2 Chr 35:1; Exo 12:3; Lev 23:5; Num 9:2 21And the king commanded all the people, saying, Keep the passover unto the Lord your God, as it is written in the book of this covenant.

22Surely there was not holden such a passover from the days of the judges that judged Israel, nor in all the days of the kings of Israel, nor of the kings of Judah;

23But in the eighteenth year of king Josiah, wherein this passover was holden to the Lord in Jerusalem. He puts away witches and all abomination.

24 2 Chr 34:14-19; 2 Kin 22:8-13; Deu 18:11; Lev 20:27; Lev 19:31; 1 Chr 10:13; 2 Kin 21:6 24Moreover the workers with familiar spirits, and the wizards, and the images, and the idols, and all the abominations that were spied in the land of Judah and in Jerusalem, did Josiah put away, that he might perform the words of the law which were written in the book that Hilkiah the priest found in the house of the Lord.

25 2 Kin 18:5 25¶And like unto him was there no king before him, that turned to the Lord with all his heart, and with all his soul, and with all his might, according to all the law of Moses; neither after him arose there any like him. God's final wrath against Judah.

26 Jer 15:4; 2 Kin 24:3; 2 Kin 21:11 26Notwithstanding the Lord turned not from the fierceness of his great wrath, wherewith his anger was kindled against Judah, because of all the provocations that Manasseh had provoked him withal.

27 2 Kin 17:18; 1 Kin 8:29 27And the Lord said, I will remove Judah also out of my sight, as I have removed Israel, and will cast off this city Jerusalem which I have chosen, and the house of which I said, My name shall be there.

28Now the rest of the acts of Josiah, and all that he did, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah? Josiah, provoking Pharaoh Neco, is slain at Megiddo.

29 Jdg 1:27; 2 Kin 9:27; 2 Kin 14:8 29In his days Pharaohnechoh king of Egypt went up against the king of Assyria to the river Euphrates: and king Josiah went against him; and he slew him at Megiddo, when he had seen him.

30 Jer 22:11; 2 Chr 36:1-2; 2 Kin 14:21 30And his servants carried him in a chariot dead from Megiddo, and brought him to Jerusalem, and buried him in his own sepulchre. And the people of the land took Jehoahaz the son of Josiah, and anointed him, and made him king in his father’s stead. Jehoahaz, succeeding him,

31 2 Kin 14:18 31¶Jehoahaz was twenty and three years old when he began to reign; and he reigned three months in Jerusalem. And his mother’s name was Hamutal, the daughter of Jeremiah of Libnah.

32And he did that which was evil in the sight of the Lord, according to all that his fathers had done. is imprisoned by Pharaoh Neco, who makes Jehoiakim king.

33 Num 34:11; 2 Kin 25:6 33And Pharaohnechoh put him in bands at Riblah in the land of Hamath, that he might not reign in Jerusalem; and put the land to a tribute of an hundred talents of silver, and a talent of gold.

34 2 Kin 24:17; Dan 1:7; Mat 1:11; Jer 22:11 34And Pharaohnechoh made Eliakim the son of Josiah king in the room of Josiah his father, and turned his name to Jehoiakim, and took Jehoahaz away: and he came to Egypt, and died there.

35 Pro 11:11 35And Jehoiakim gave the silver and the gold to Pharaoh; but he taxed the land to give the money according to the commandment of Pharaoh: he exacted the silver and the gold of the people of the land, of every one according to his taxation, to give it unto Pharaohnechoh. Jehoiakim's wicked reign.

36Jehoiakim was twenty and five years old when he began to reign; and he reigned eleven years in Jerusalem. And his mother’s name was Zebudah, the daughter of Pedaiah of Rumah.

37And he did that which was evil in the sight of the Lord, according to all that his fathers had done.

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Introduction to 2 Kings
by John MacArthur

Title

First and Second Kings were originally one book, called in the Hebrew text, “Kings,” from the first word in 1:1. The Greek translation of the OT, the Septuagint (LXX), divided the book in two, and this was followed by the Latin Vulgate (Vg.) version and English translations. The division was for the convenience of copying this lengthy book on scrolls and codexes and was not based on features of content. Modern Hebrew Bibles title the books “Kings A” and “Kings B.” The LXX and Vg. connected Kings with the books of Samuel, so that the titles in the LXX are “The Third and Fourth Books of Kingdoms” and in the Vg. “Third and Fourth Kings.” The books of 1 and 2 Samuel and 1 and 2 Kings combined are a chronicle of the entire history of Judah’s and Israel’s kingship from Saul to Zedekiah. First and Second Chronicles provides only the history of Judah’s monarchy.

Author and Date

Jewish tradition proposed that Jeremiah wrote Kings, though this is unlikely because the final event recorded in the book (see 2 Kin 25:27-30) occurred in Babylon in 561 B.C. Jeremiah never went to Babylon, but to Egypt (Jer 43:1-7), and would have been at least 86 years old by 561 B.C. Actually, the identity of the unnamed author remains unknown. Since the ministry of prophets is emphasized in Kings, it seems that the author was most likely an unnamed prophet of the Lord who lived in exile with Israel in Babylon.

Kings was written between 561-538 B.C. Since the last narrated event (2 Kin 25:27-30) sets the earliest possible date of completion and because there is no record of the end of the Babylonian captivity in Kings, the release from exile (538 B.C.) identifies the latest possible writing date. This date is sometimes challenged on the basis of “to this day” statements in 1 Kin 8:8; 9:13, 20, 21; 10:12; 12:19; 2 Kin. 2:22; 8:22; 10:27; 14:7; 16:6; 17:23, 34, 41; 21:15. However, it is best to understand these statements as those of the sources used by the
author, rather than statements of the author himself.

It is clear that the author used a variety of sources in compiling this book, including “the book of the acts of Solomon” (1 Kin 11:41), “the chronicles of the kings of Israel” (1 Kin 14:19; 15:31; 16:5, 14, 20, 27; 22:39; 2 Kin. 1:18; 10:34; 13:8, 12; 14:15, 28; 15:11, 15, 21, 26, 31), and “the chronicles of the kings of Judah” (1 Kin 14:29; 15:7, 23; 22:45; 2 Kin. 8:23; 12:19; 14:18; 15:6, 36; 16:19; 20:20; 21:17, 25; 23:28; 24:5). Further, Is 36:1-39:8 provided information used in 2 Kin 18:9-20:19, and Jer 52:31-34 seems to be the source for 2 Kin 25:27-29. This explanation posits a single inspired author, living in Babylon during the Exile, using these pre-Exilic source materials at his disposal.

Background and Setting

A distinction must be made between the setting of the books’ sources and that of the books’ author. The source material was written by participants in and eyewitnesses of the events. It was reliable information, which was historically accurate concerning the sons of Israel, from the death of David and the accession of Solomon (971 B.C.) to the destruction of the temple and Jerusalem by the Babylonians (586 B.C.). Thus, Kings traces the histories of two sets of kings and two nations of disobedient people, Israel and Judah, both of whom were growing indifferent to God’s law and His prophets and were headed for captivity.

The book of Kings is not only accurate history, but interpreted history. The author, an exile in Babylon, wished to communicate the lessons of Israel’s history to the exiles. Specifically, he taught the exilic community why the Lord’s judgment of exile had come. The writer established early in his narrative that the Lord required obedience by the kings to the Mosaic law, if their kingdom was to receive His blessing; disobedience would bring exile (1 Kin 9:3-9). The sad reality that history revealed was that all the kings of Israel and the majority of the kings of Judah “did evil in the sight of the LORD.” These evil kings were apostates, who led their people to sin by not confronting idolatry, but sanctioning it. Because of the kings’ failure, the Lord sent His prophets to confront both the monarchs and the people with their sin and their need to return to Him. Because the message of the prophets was rejected, the prophets foretold that the nation(s) would be carried into exile (2 Kin 17:13-23; 21:10-15). Like every prophecy uttered by the prophets in Kings, this word from the Lord came to pass (2 Kin 17:5, 6; 25:1-11). Therefore, Kings interpreted the people’s experience of exile and helped them to see why they had suffered God’s punishment for idolatry. It also explained that just as God had shown mercy to Ahab (1 Kin 22:27-29) and Jehoiachin (2 Kin 25:27-30), so He was willing to show them mercy.

The predominant geographical setting of Kings is the whole Land of Israel, from Dan to Beersheba (1 Kin 4:25), including Transjordan. Four invading nations played a dominant role in the affairs of Israel and Judah from 971 to 561 B.C. In the tenth century B.C., Egypt impacted Israel’s history during the reigns of Solomon and Rehoboam (1 Kin 3:1; 1:14-22, 40; 12:2; 14:25-27). Syria (Aram) posed a great threat to Israel’s security during the ninth century B.C., ca 890-800 B.C. (1 Kin 15:9-22; 20:1-34; 22:1-4, 29-40; 2 Kin. 6:8-7:20; 8:7-15; 10:32, 33; 12:17-18; 13:22-25). The years from ca 800-750 B.C. were a half-century of peace and prosperity for Israel and Judah, because Assyria neutralized Syria and did not threaten to the south. This changed during the kingship of Tiglath-Pileser III (2 Kin 15:19, 20, 29). From the mid-eighth century to the late seventh century B.C., Assyria terrorized Palestine, finally conquering and destroying Israel (the northern kingdom) in 722 B.C. (2 Kin 17:4-6) and besieging Jerusalem in 701 B.C. (2 Kin 18:17-19:37). From 612 to 539 B.C., Babylon was the dominant power in the ancient world. Babylon invaded Judah (the southern kingdom) 3 times, with the destruction of Jerusalem and the temple occurring in 586 B.C. during that third assault (2 Kin 24:1-25:21).

Historical and Theological Themes

Kings concentrates, then, on the history of the sons of Israel from 971 to 561 B.C. First Kings 1:1-11:43 deals with Solomon’s accession and reign (971-931 B.C.). The two divided kingdoms of Israel and Judah (931-722 B.C.) are covered in 1 Kin 12:1; 2 Kin. 17:41. The author arranged the material in a distinctive way in that the narration follows the kings in both the N and the S. For each reign described, there is the following literary framework. Every king is introduced with: 1) his name and relation to his predecessor; 2) his date of accession in relationship to the year of the contemporary ruler in the other kingdom; 3) his age on coming to the throne (for kings of Judah only); 4) his length of reign; 5) his place of reign; 6) his mother’s name (for Judah only); and 7) spiritual appraisal of his reign. This introduction is followed by a narration of the events that occurred during the reign of each king. The details of this narration vary widely. Each reign is concluded with: 1) a citation of sources; 2) additional historical notes; 3) notice of death; 4) notice of burial; 5) the name of the successor; and 6) in a few instances, an added postscript (i.e., 1 Kin 15:32; 2 Kin. 10:36). Second Kings 18:1-25:21 deals with the time when Judah survived alone (722-586 B.C.). Two concluding paragraphs speak of events after the Babylonian exile (2 Kin 25:22-26, 27-30).

Three theological themes are stressed in Kings. First, the Lord judged Israel and Judah because of their disobedience to His law (2 Kin 17:7-23). This unfaithfulness on the part of the people was furthered by the apostasy of the evil kings who led them into idolatry (2 Kin 17:21, 22; 21:11), so the Lord exercised His righteous wrath against His rebellious people. Second, the word of the true prophets came to pass (1 Kin 13:2, 3; 22:15-28; 2 Kin. 23:16; 24:2). This confirmed that the Lord did keep His Word, even His warnings of judgment. Third, the Lord remembered His promise to David (1 Kin 11:12-13, 34-36; 15:4; 2 Kin. 8:19). Even though the kings of the Davidic line proved themselves to be disobedient to the Lord, He did not bring David’s family to an end as He did the families of Jeroboam I, Omri, and Jehu in
Israel. Even as the book closes, the line of David still exists (2 Kin 25:27-30), so there is hope for the coming “seed” of David (see 2 Sam 7:12-16). The Lord is thus seen as faithful, and His Word is trustworthy.

Interpretive Challenges

The major interpretive challenge in Kings concerns the chronology of the kings of Israel and Judah. Though abundant chronological data is presented in the book of Kings, this data is difficult to interpret for two reasons. First, there seems to be internal inconsistency in the information given. For instance, 1 Kin 16:23 states that Omri, king of Israel, began to reign in the 31st year of Asa, king of Judah, and that he reigned 12 years. But according to 1 Kin 16:29, Omri was succeeded by his son Ahab in the 38th year of Asa, giving Omri a reign of only 7
years, not 12. Second, from extrabiblical sources (Greek, Assyrian, and Babylonian), correlated with astronomical data, a reliable series of dates can be calculated from 892 to 566 B.C. Since Ahab and Jehu, kings of Israel, are believed to be mentioned in Assyrian records, 853 B.C. can be fixed as the year of Ahab’s death and 841 B.C. as the year Jehu began to reign. With these fixed dates, it is possible to work backward and forward to determine that the date of the division of Israel from Judah was ca 931 B.C., the fall of Samaria 722 B.C., and the fall of Jerusalem 586 B.C. But when the total years of royal reigns in Kings are added, the number for Israel is 241 years (not the 210 years of 931 to 722 B.C.) and Judah 393 years (not the 346 years of 931 to 586 B.C.). It is recognized that in both kingdoms there were some co-regencies, i.e., a period of rulership when two kings, usually father and son, ruled at the same time, so the overlapping years were counted twice in the total for both kings. Further, different methods of reckoning the years of a king’s rule and even different
calendars were used at differing times in the two kingdoms, resulting in the seeming internal inconsistencies. The general accuracy of the chronology in Kings can be demonstrated and confirmed.

A second major interpretive challenge deals with Solomon’s relationship to the Abrahamic and Davidic Covenants. First Kings 4:20, 21 has been interpreted by some as the fulfillment of the promises given to Abraham (cf. Gen 15:18-21; 22:17). However, according to Num 34:6, the western border of the Land promised to Abraham was the Mediterranean Sea. In 1 Kin 5:1ff., Hiram is seen as the independent king of Tyre (along the Mediterranean), dealing with Solomon as an equal. Solomon’s empire was not the fulfillment of the Land promise given to Abraham by the Lord, although a great portion of that land was under Solomon’s control. Further, the statements of Solomon in 1 Kin 5:5 and 8:20 are his claims to be the promised seed of the Davidic Covenant (cf. 2 Sam 7:12-16). The author of Kings holds out the possibility that Solomon’s temple was the fulfillment of the Lord’s promise to David. However, while the conditions for the fulfillment of the promise to David are reiterated to Solomon (1 Kin 6:12), it is clear that Solomon did not meet these conditions (1 Kin 11:9-13). In fact, none of the historical kings in the house of David met the condition of complete obedience that was to be the sign of the Promised One. According to Kings, the fulfillment of the Abrahamic and Davidic Covenants did not take place in Israel’s past, thus laying the foundation for the latter prophets (Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, and the Twelve) who would point Israel to a future hope under Messiah when the Covenants would be fulfilled (see Is 9:6, 7).

Outline of 2 Kings
by John MacArthur

Since the division of 1 and 2 Kings arbitrarily takes place in the middle of the narrative concerning King Ahaziah in Israel, the following outline is for both 1 and 2 Kings.

I. The United Kingdom: The Reign of Solomon (1 Kin 1:1-11:43)

A. The Rise of Solomon (1 Kin 1:1-2:46)
B. The Beginning of Solomon’s Wisdom and Wealth (1 Kin 3:1-4:34)
C. The Preparations for the Building of the Temple (1 Kin 5:1-18)
D. The Building of the Temple and Solomon’s House (1 Kin 6:1-9:9)
E. The Further Building Projects of Solomon (1 Kin 9:10-28)
F. The Culmination of Solomon’s Wisdom and Wealth (1 Kin 10:1-29)
G. The Decline of Solomon (1 Kin 11:1-43)

II. The Divided Kingdom: The Kings of Israel and Judah (1 Kin 12:1-2 Kin. 17:41)

A. The Rise of Idolatry: Jeroboam of Israel/Rehoboam of Judah (1 Kin 12:1-14:31)
B. Kings of Judah/Israel (1 Kin 15:1-16:22)
C. The Dynasty of Omri and Its Influence: The Rise and Fall of Baal Worship in Israel and Judah (1 Kin 16:23-2 Kin. 13:25)
1. The introduction of Baal worship (1 Kin 16:23-34)
2. The opposition of Elijah to Baal worship (1 Kin 17:1-2 Kin. 1:18)
3. The influence of Elisha concerning the true God (2 Kin 2:1-9:13)
4. The overthrow of Baal worship in Israel (2 Kin 9:14-10:36)
5. The overthrow of Baal worship in Judah (2 Kin 11:1-12:21)
6. The death of Elisha (2 Kin 13:1-25)
D. Kings of Judah/Israel (2 Kin 14:1-15:38)
E. The Defeat and Exile of Israel by Assyria (2 Kin 16:1-17:41)

III. The Surviving Kingdom: The Kings of Judah (2 Kin 18:1-25:21)

A. Hezekiah’s Righteous Reign (2 Kin 18:1-20:21)
B. Manasseh’s and Amon’s Wicked Reigns (2 Kin 21:1-26)
C. Josiah’s Righteous Reign (2 Kin 22:1-23:30)
D. The Defeat and Exile of Judah by Babylon (2 Kin 23:31-25:21)

IV. Epilogue: The People’s Continued Rebellion and the Lord’s Continued Mercy (2 Kin 25:22-30)

The Kings of Israel and Judah
KING	SCRIPTURE
United Kingdom
Saul	1 Samuel 9:1-31:13; 1 Chronicles 10:1-14
David	2 Samuel; 1 Kings 1:1-2:9; 1 Chronicles 11:1-29:30
Solomon	1 Kings 2:10-11:43; 2 Chronicles 1:1-9:31
Northern Kingdom (Israel)
Jeroboam I	1 Kings 12:25-14:20
Nadab	1 Kings 15:25-31
Baasha	1 Kings 15:32-16:7
Elah	1 Kings 16:8-14
Zimri	1 Kings 16:15-20
Tibni	1 Kings 16:21, 22
Omri	1 Kings 16:21-28
Ahab	1 Kings 16:29-22:40
Ahaziah	1 Kings 22:51-53; 2 Kings 1:1-18
Jehoram (Joram)	2 Kings 2:1-8:15
Jehu	2 Kings 9:1-10:36
Jehoahaz	2 Kings 13:1-9
Jehoash (Joash)	2 Kings 13:10-25
Jeroboam II	2 Kings 14:23-29
Zechariah	2 Kings 15:8-12
Shallum	2 Kings 15:13-15
Menahem	2 Kings 15:16-22
Pekahiah	2 Kings 15:23-26
Pekah	2 Kings 15:27-31
Hoshea	2 Kings 17:1-41
Southern Kingdom (Judah)
Rehoboam	1 Kings 12:1-14:31; 2 Chronicles 10:1-12:16
Abijam (Abijah)	1 Kings 15:1-8; 2 Chronicles 13:1-22
Asa	1 Kings 15:9-24; 2 Chronicles 14:1-16:14
Jehoshaphat	1 Kings 22:41-50; 2 Chronicles 17:1-20:37
Joram (Jehoram)	2 Kings 8:16-24; 2 Chronicles 21:1-20
Ahaziah	2 Kings 8:25-29; 2 Chronicles 22:1-9
Athaliah (queen)	2 Kings 11:1-16; 2 Chronicles 22:1-23:21
Joash (Jehoash)	2 Kings 11:17-12:21; 2 Chronicles 23:16-24:27
Amaziah	2 Kings 14:1-22; 2 Chronicles 25:1-28
Uzziah (Azariah)	2 Kings 15:1-7; 2 Chronicles 26:1-23
Jotham	2 Kings 15:32-38; 2 Chronicles 27:1-9
Ahaz	2 Kings 16:1-20; 2 Chronicles 28:1-27
Hezekiah	2 Kings 18:1-20:21; 2 Chronicles 29:1-32:33
Manasseh	2 Kings 21:1-18; 2 Chronicles 33:1-20
Amon	2 Kings 21:19-26; 2 Chronicles 33:21-25
Josiah	2 Kings 22:1-23:30; 2 Chronicles 34:1-35:27
Jehoahaz	2 Kings 23:31-33; 2 Chronicles 36:1-4
Jehoiakim	2 Kings 23:34-24:7; 2 Chronicles 36:5-8
Jehoiachin	2 Kings 24:8-16; 2 Chronicles 36:9, 10
Zedekiah	2 Kings 24:18-25:21; 2 Chronicles 36:11-21

Introduction to 2 Kings
by John MacArthur

Title

Author and Date

Background and Setting

Historical and Theological Themes

Interpretive Challenges

Outline of 2 Kings
by John MacArthur

I. The United Kingdom: The Reign of Solomon (1 Kin 1:1-11:43)

II. The Divided Kingdom: The Kings of Israel and Judah (1 Kin 12:1-2 Kin. 17:41)

III. The Surviving Kingdom: The Kings of Judah (2 Kin 18:1-25:21)

IV. Epilogue: The People’s Continued Rebellion and the Lord’s Continued Mercy (2 Kin 25:22-30)

The Kings of Israel and Judah

The 1440 Agenda

Remembering Marcy

Study Bible

Introduction to 2 Kingsby John MacArthur

Title

Author and Date

Background and Setting

Historical and Theological Themes

Interpretive Challenges

Outline of 2 Kingsby John MacArthur

I. The United Kingdom: The Reign of Solomon (1 Kin 1:1-11:43)

II. The Divided Kingdom: The Kings of Israel and Judah (1 Kin 12:1-2 Kin. 17:41)

III. The Surviving Kingdom: The Kings of Judah (2 Kin 18:1-25:21)

IV. Epilogue: The People’s Continued Rebellion and the Lord’s Continued Mercy (2 Kin 25:22-30)

The Kings of Israel and Judah

Books of the Bible

Chapters in 2 Kings

The 1440 Agenda

Introduction to 2 Kings
by John MacArthur

Outline of 2 Kings
by John MacArthur